A breakdown of solid waste types and sources is provided in. Waste can be solid, liquid, or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management. Solid waste management refers to the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded or is no longer useful. Waste generation projections for 2025 by region 10 5. Solid waste management types with methods and its effects. Garbage arising from human or animal activities, that is. The design and setup of a centralized composting site must take into account the type and volume. Some of the major types of solid waste management are as follows.
Solid waste management is an integral part of the environmental domain of any region. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, which can lead to environmental pollution and the outbreak of vectorborne disease. These areas become childrens sources of contamination due to the incubation and proliferation of flies, mosquitoes, and rodents. The task of solid waste management presents complex technical challenges. Solid waste and refuse are synonyms that refer to any of a variety of materials that are rejected or discarded as useless. Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage us, refuse or rubbish uk is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. For sustainable management of solid waste, effective planning and development strategies about the quantity and categories of such wastes are of great importance. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. Solid waste disposal and management is a critical aspect of environmental hygiene and it needs to be incorporated into environmental planning. Pdf disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural. Solid waste management in asia as urbanization and economic development increases in asia, nowhere is the impact more obvious than in societys detritus, or solid waste. The most important part in this paper is solid waste treatment technologies that have been practiced recently in vietnam, the good and bad sides of those methods. Solid waste is any waste generated by every day human activities.
Chapter 3 solid waste disposal institute for global. Information regarding the proper handling, disposal and treatment of various types of solid wastes, including construction and demolition debris, industrialcommercial waste, waste tires, asbestos, lumber pressure treated with chromated copper arsenate, regulated medical waste, used electronic equipment, fluorescent and hid lamps, and used oil. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw. A case study of granville brook dumpsite, freetown, sierra leone 666. At a particular place, studying the composition and the categories. Solid waste any unwanted product which is not a liquid or gas in our surroundings and from our daily products. Thus, the priority of a waste management system 9 must always be the provision of a cleansing service which helps to maintain the. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in developing cities.
A nations production of waste increases with its development, and thus, waste management is a very important step for any country. Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Halflives for different types of waste vary from a few years to several decades or longer. Current waste generation per capita by income level 10 6.
This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process. Solid waste management challenges in urban areas of. Solidwaste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source. Throughout the region, the principal sources of solid waste are residential households and the agricultural, commercial, construction, industrial and institutional sectors. It is suitable for a relatively homogenous mix of organic waste and work well for larger quantity generators of yard trimmings and compostable municipal solid waste e. Today, the urban areas of asia produce about 760,000 tonnes of. It is good practice to account for all types of solid waste when estimating wasterelated emissions in the greenhouse gas inventory. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional.
Environment protection act, 1986 hazardous waste rule 1989 biomedical waste rule 1998 municipal solid waste rule 2000 waste management act 1996 solid waste policy in india 2006 43. Hazardous solid waste is industry generated which need special disposal techniques. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition. Agriculture, forestry and other land use afolu volume. New york city economic development corporation and the new york city department of sanitation. Municipal solid wastes heap up on the roads due to improper disposal system. Dec 01, 2014 environment protection act, 1986 hazardous waste rule 1989 biomedical waste rule 1998 municipal solid waste rule 2000 waste management act 1996 solid waste policy in india 2006 43. A framework for excellence in environmental stewardship responsible exploration waste management eswmv1. It is in line with this perspective that the present study was conducted in the bawku municipality of the upper east region of ghana with the objective of assessing the solid waste management system in the municipality so as to under. Open burning dumping into the sea sanitary landfills incineration composting ploughing in fields hog feeding grinding and discharging into sewers salvaging fermentation and biological digestion open burning of solid wastes not an ideal. Liquid waste can be produced by all sectors of society, and includes sewage as well as wastewater from industrial processes such as food and agricultural processing, and manufacturing. Solid waste management is a state subject and it is the responsibility of the state government to ensure that appropriate solid waste management practices are introduced in all the cities and towns in the state. Solid waste management is an important aspect of urban area management.
Jul 23, 2012 solid waste is any waste generated by every day human activities. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological and household. Solid waste management in schools school sanitation. Solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. As shown in the diagram above, solid waste management generally. Solid waste may be in the form of household garbage, leftovers of food and other wastage that include old house hold items such as papers, plastic waste in the form of kitchen equipment or any other products that are consumed during every day activities. Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating.
As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. For example, endrin is a pesticide which is a listed p051 and characteristic d012 hazardous waste. A good solid waste management system needs to be put in place, because without this, the situation can become uncontrollable at a later period. Solid waste types of solid waste disposing solid waste. Aerated static pile composting produces compost relatively quickly within three to six months. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection.
Since solid waste consist of several types of waste, it is important to briefly examine the various forms and types of solid waste. However, swm is a municipal function and it is the urban local bodies ulb that are directly responsible for it. With the emerging concern on large quantity of the waste being. The basics of solid waste management although the terms solid waste, refuse, garbage, and trash are often used interchangeably, solid waste professionals distinguish between them. The reduce, reuse,recycle slogan remains a mere rhetoric in a world that generates approximately 450 million tonnes of waste annually.
This way, solid waste can be grouped as ordinary solid waste and hazardous solid waste. Solid waste management is a severe challenge in developing countries like ethiopia due to the growing mixture of waste characteristics and deficiency of. Thus the most important processes are quantification and characterization of all the sustainable solid waste management systems according to senzige, et al. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. The improvement of people and private sector through ngos could improve the efficiency of solid waste management. Oct 11, 2019 solid waste management is defined as the discipline associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses the range of public health, conservation, economic, aesthetic, engineering, and other environmental considerations.
A significant development in solid waste treatment and. The government was working on a proposal to incorporate waste management in school curriculum to sensitise the younger generation about managing municipal solid waste in a hygienic and scientific manner. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. Only a few documents have been specifically written to provide the type of. Direct handling of solid waste can result in various types of infectious and chronic diseases. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb. Solid waste management hierarchy waste management plan. As long as humans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. Pdf questionnaire for solid waste management survey mary. Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. Solid waste management is a severe challenge in developing countries like ethiopia due to the growing mixture of waste characteristics and deficiency of operational application of dependable waste.
Comparison of solid waste management practices by income level 5 2. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source. Waste minimisation and recyclingreuse policies have been introduced to reduce the amount of waste generated, and increasingly, alternative waste management practices to solid waste disposal on land have been implemented to reduce the environmental impacts of waste management. Introduction it is a known fact that as urbanization continues to take place, the management of solid waste becomes a major. Pdf questionnaire for solid waste management survey. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition elements of solid waste management. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, pollution, and outbreaks of disease.
Environmentally benign waste management depends on various sitespecific factors such as the composition of the waste, schematic of solid waste management system. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and appropriately. Composition of solid waste in karachi recycled items. Inefficient waste disposal systems lead to environmental pollution along with presenting severe health hazards. In hospitals there are different types of solid wastes produced. The term waste management collectively means the management of waste from its inception to the final stage of disposal. To support municipal solid waste msw characterization efforts, epa conducted a scoping study on. Waste definitions and classifications department of the environment. Solid waste management in emergencies other important factors incineration incineration is not usually a favourable option for solid waste management as it requires a large capital input and care for operation and management to ensure nonpolluting bone. As the existing industrial solid waste collection, processing and disposal systems of many countries are grossly inadequate, such incremental growth will pose very. Liquid waste can be subdivided into other waste types based on the nature of the liquid waste and the risks it poses. Thus, as one single unit, it encompasses right from the collection, disposal, recycling, to which the processes of monitoring and regulation, respectively belong to, along with the legal frameworks that enable the occurrence of waste management. According to data from the document national state of environment published in 2011 2, the volume of solid wastes generated in 2003 and 2008 is described as in table 2.
Basically solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source. Solid waste management challenges in urban areas of ghana. A technological approach to solid waste management began to develop in the latter part of the 19th century. Waste definitions can determine whether a material is a waste or a product or resource, and that determination can have significant regulatory, environmental and financial impacts for the whole waste management system, including waste generators, processors, transporters and disposal operators. General guidance on the data collection for solid waste disposal, biological. Watertight garbage cans were first introduced in the united states, and sturdier vehicles were used to collect and transport wastes. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition by dr. Environmentally benign waste management depends on various sitespecific factors such as the composition of the waste, schematic of solid waste management system 12. Pdf impact of solid waste on health and the environment.
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